This is going to be a rant, because I’m cross, so, fair warning. First I’m going to tell an illustrative story, and then I’m going to make the case that a really large proportion of digital projects are TOTALLY WASTING THEIR TIME AND MONEY. Here goes.
ITV drop the ball (aka the money, the talent, and the joke)
In my pre-museum days, before I joined the Wellcome Trust, I worked on digital projects for TV at Kudos for the best part of 2007. You may or may not recall an ITV show from the following year with an interesting concept: it was a rather cheesy soap opera set in Cornwall with Jason Donovan and Martine McCutcheon called Echo Beach, which was followed in the schedules by a fictional comedy about the making of Echo Beach, called Moving Wallpaper and starring Ben Miller. The whole thing was the brainchild of the great Eastenders lead writer Tony Jordan.
Alongside the main show a third online element had been commissioned, which is what I was working on. I still really like the idea, which was that a mole was operating on set, filming secret behind the scenes footage on Echo Beach. Before the TV show launched, and each week during it, these videos would be “leaked” into the public domain, showing the stars behaving badly, being divas and drunks, riffing off of their public personas and TV characters.
The aim was comedy and shock. A crack team of writers (from the Thick of It and other notable shows) was assembled to write the video skits, of which there were 12. An experienced comedy director was brought on board, and a small team of top filmmaking pros assembled. We got Jason Donovan (an absolute hoot to work with) supposedly filmed alone in his dressing room putting on a dress that Martine McCutcheon had worn on the show to mime along to her Perfect Moment hit. We also filmed him involved in vodka fueled fist fighting and fights with his agent, McCutcheon herself having tabloid-baiting practice snogs with female co-stars, secret thieving, incompetence, actors being ridiculously demanding and all sorts.
It’s been a long time since I’ve seen any of those clips, but I seem to remember we were all pretty proud of them when we handed them over to ITV. And either way, a lot of effort and talent and a not insubstantial (albeit not quite sufficient, it never is) budget went into making them. Which made ITV’s subsequent bungling of the next stage all the more galling.
Our concept was that these videos would be released to a poorly executed website (Geocities style) by the “mole” and then the press and public would be pointed at them. These days, they would be leaked to YouTube from the mole’s account, ideally, but the main thing was to maintain the fiction that Moving Wallpaper was the real world and the behaviour captured was genuine, and thereby preserve the joke. Instead, ITV did this: they created a page on the official ITV site for the videos, using the official ITV player to play them, and then they used the punchline as the title for every single video, giving away the gag before anyone had even started watching them.
The jokes were thereby rendered stone cold dead.
They then sent out, as far as I can tell, one press release which sparked two small articles from the Sun and “Celebs Now”, and that was the extent of the marketing effort. I haven’t seen the viewing stats, but I’m 100% certain they were feeble. And that was the end of that project. All that hard work, months of preparation, script writing, production and editing. All that money, pretty much entirely wasted by a failure to understanding digital marketing, and a failure to invest any serious time and effort in promotion.
I wish I could say that was the last time I saw this happen.
A familiar pattern
I’m using this example because it’s far enough in the past that I can be brutally honest about it, but it stands in for probably a good 60-70% of digital projects I’ve worked on, to some degree. This includes projects for museums and galleries, for publishers, and for other broadcasters. It includes my projects and the projects of others: I did a straw poll amongst other digital producers, and my goodness! The outpouring of anguish and recognition that followed.
And I’m writing this now because despite all my best efforts, I recently watched exactly the same thing happen again, and I’m fed up. I want to say this:
Stop wasting money on digital projects if you aren’t prepared to promote them properly.
I’m serious. Do NOT embark on any digital project if you aren’t going to at least make a decent effort to tell people about it or otherwise figure out how people are going to see it.
If you are going to make an in-gallery app but only have room for a small piece of signage and no budget or space for print promotion, do not bother. If you are going to create a game and put it on your website and think maybe your organisation might be able to muster up a single tweet and facebook post about it, give up now. If you are creating an amazing interactive video experience but the entire budget is going on production and you’ve run out of money to market it, stop.
Furthermore, if you think that a digital experience, be it mobile or online, game, video, or guide, is going to sell itself, and thereby itself be marketing for your TV show or exhibition, you are going to be sorely disappointed. Actually, I suspect this attitude is partly to blame for some of the failures in this area. There seems to be some confusion over whether these digital add-ons are marketing themselves but, by and large, it doesn’t work this way, things just don’t magically “go viral”.
Now, I have been part of some very successful game projects in which we did pretty much no marketing whatsoever (High Tea and Axon, for Wellcome Collection). However, we were working to a very specific distribution model that relies on making a cracking game, seeding it to casual gaming portals, making it easy to rip and waiting for it to catch on. It worked, the mechanics of those portals make this possible, but it has its flaws (not least reaching a relatively narrow demographic).
For mobile games, in gallery apps, online interactive fiction etc etc, this is not an option. You are competing in a very crowded market for audience attention. Even if your content is amazing, you are going to have to work very hard to make people aware of it, and do so in a way that sells it effectively to draw them in. Let me be clear: I’m not saying this is easy, and it can involve a bit of luck (the right person picking it up on twitter, for example), but it cannot just be ignored.
Why does this keep happening? I have a guess
So why is it, so often? Apart from the reason above, I feel like a major factor is that these digital projects *are* just seen as add-ons. They get neglected by marketing teams who are focussed on promoting the big exhibition or show, which is where the real accountability lies for their actions with the higher-ups (and the funders too, perhaps?). I’ve been there in meetings with comms teams who make it clear that our digital project is just never going to be a priority when they are being scrutinised instead for their role in increasing actual ticket sales or getting press for the main exhibition.
If that’s the case, the project probably shouldn’t even go ahead. Whatever the size or type of audience you are seeking, someone absolutely has to make some sort of plan and put time and resource into communicating with them. So often this seems to fall to the production team themselves in this situation, but without organisational buy in, this is never going to be as effective as it needs to be.
For my own part, I try to have a discussion about communications around a digital project as early as possible once it’s kicked off, but I’m beginning to realise that this is too late. These conversations need to happen before, and at a higher level. There needs to be a commitment before any major work starts that the project will be fully supported by the organisation.
It’s also clear that some comms and marketing teams feel out of their depth with digital projects. Some of this is a problem of perception: digital projects can be promoted in precisely the same way as books and exhibitions – with signage, adverts, flyers, social media posts, targeted press releases, building relationships with bloggers and newspapers and so on – and the principles about what makes an appealing message are not necessarily different.
I fear the problem is more about understanding the digital product and its potential audience, and therefore knowing *who* to build relationships with and where to send a press release. But surely, this is no different than looking for subject specialist avenues to market to for other products? Also, there are various online-only routes (your Reddits and the like) that comms departments seem wary of but need to understand. It’s not hard, you do it by using these sites and getting to know them. If this is all too much, hire a digital marketing agency to take the weight.
The outcome of this sorry situation
Aside from the wasted time and money (sometimes public money too, which is particularly infuriating), what I find very dispiriting is organisations using the failure of digital projects as a reason to stop doing them; writing them off as inherently risky instead of examining what went wrong and trying to learn from mistakes. It’s also dispiriting to see the level of frustration from digital producers and agencies, many of whom have told me that they are avoiding work of this kind from now on because they are sick of seeing it fail due to a lack of promotion. It was part of the reason I started moving away from digital production work too.
Of course, it’s possible that some of these projects were just rubbish, that the content or concept was just unappealing. But it’s really clear that users and viewers aren’t even getting to the point of finding that out and these digital projects aren’t really being given a chance.
I don’t think it’s that complicated: projects of this nature just need the budget, commitment and a plan as to how people are going to hear about it. If this isn’t in place from the beginning, ask why, and don’t start until it is.
Whilst writing this I heard so many stories of this happening, but few that people were willing to put names to (although blimey but the BBC comes up a lot, Channel 4 too). I understand. But if you have an example, even if just anonymously, please do share in the comments. Or have you got any other thoughts on this, do you disagree?
Reblogged this on Exploring The Business World and commented:
Well worth a read. I have talked about conviction a few times in my blog….
Reblogged this on kisah pekerja lepas and commented:
Hear Hear! Food for thought for those who take easy for digital marketing agency 🙂
Well, you heard of headsqueeze right? A load of talented young science communicators let down by an incoherent strategy and an attitude of churning videos out as fast as possible. All the budget was spent on the short term attraction of getting James May to present a few videos, so building up a completely inappropriate fanbase that really just wanted to watch, of course, James May.
Reblogged this on Symptoms Of The Universe and commented:
I’m reblogging this important post from Martha Henson (@marthasadie) on the promotion of digital projects. We’ve recently been funded (as part of an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant) to develop a video game based around the nanoscience research we do and so the post is particularly timely for our efforts on public engagement. Lots of helpful advice combined with great anecdotes about working on early(-ish) attempts to virally market a TV show. (Thanks to Dave Farmer, @ThePhysicsBear for sending me the link to the post).
We actually had the opposite experience kind off, we produced a series of Brain Training games to go along side a BBC quiz show “Brainbox Challenge”. The BBC gave it front page billing and for a while the games were the most popular thing on the BBC site. Unfortunately the show was terrible and the whole thing disappeared quite quickly. The message probably is that you need to get the who package right.
I have the same experience with digital arts projects. Hardly anyone looks at the work and it’s terribly soul-destroying. Part of the problem is not knowing who the audience is, and having no time or money to put into promotion, so often the only people who see it are other artists working in the same field.
Echoes of a dozen digital projects in education. We see it so often, when what should be ‘blended’ is treated as a ‘bolt-on’ by those unfamiliar and uncomfortable with the differing dynamics and culture of digital. Instead of exploiting the digital affordances they either put in irrelevant material that can be ignored, or insist in repeating digitally what has already been covered in traditional media. Guess what, digital uptake is poor, and THEY BLAME DIGITAL! Then scuttle back to the safety of their comfort zones.
The publishing arena isn’t any better. 🙂 Rare indeed are the occasions when a strong traditional team hooks up with a strong digital team and we see the best of both worlds working side by side.
I’ve been involved in the production of a BBC project targeting teenage audiences and saw that pattern emerge again. We discussed a marketing strategy, which may have worked or not, it’s hard to tell, but was never implemented. And in that case, it was not even a problem of the project having insufficient budget. It was just a consequence of organisational structure which meant that marketing fell to another department.
I’ve also seen a project for when a major French museum got its website revamped: the marketing effort did take place, but with so little communication between teams that ads on the underground were promoting features that were not to be rolled until a later stage.
Hi, (I was at BBC for many years working on the types of project you describe).
“So why is it, so often?”
As you’ve identified, the digital projects were often “just seen as add-ons”.
In my experience: Usually came down to the big boss of the project knowing how they were going to be judged. If KPIs not really about digital, then digital projects not going to be respected.
The digital project will only get the “internal respect” it deserves if it delivers the return on investment the org cares about (viewers, visitors, revenue etc)… but even then you’re often up against the culture of the org. If their primary product is (for example) a physical exhibition, any diversion of resource can be seen as a threat.
If I remember correctly, the BBC’s useful rule of thumb for any content creation was something like: “60% of time on production, 40% on promotion).
Great piece Martha – I’m in the non-profit / charity sector and this is the case there too! I’ll share this with my contacts as I think it’s really useful and has some strong home truths.
Interesting point @newstorystudio about the 60%/40% split. I had a manager in a previous job who recommended using the 80:20 rule, with only 20% going on creative. Difficult in practice but possibly a good one to aim for?
I couldn’t agree more. Great post! I always bring up the need for a communications/promotion strategy to anyone who asks about developing apps at my organization. But it really is a challenge to convince teams excited about a cool new digital idea to carve out a budget and even more importantly identify people to take on this task. I wonder if part of the problem comes from within our own field: how many conference presentations are about glitzy neat projects that got done and impress but do not mention promotion and actual take-up by users?
Hi Martha, this really resonates! When project funding comes to an end, and there’s no budget for more staff time or outreach… yeah. I’ve shared the link here https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/making-digital-projects-sustainable-challenge-everyone-rosie-clarke?trk=prof-post to reassure cultural heritage digital people that we’re not alone: it’s directly relevant to the Museums Computer Group’s upcoming conference about digital sustainability.
Hi Martha – I’m doing a part time PhD looking at the impact of digital media on the engagement of visitors with culturual heritage – as part of this I’ve done some research into a range of digital projects – funded by a number of different agencies – nearly all of which struggle to maintain a presence once the project is over because the promotion and marketing is limited or absent. Whole heartedly agree with your thoughts. It’s been very difficult to measure the impact of things when there’s nobody actually using them!
Yes. It’s all to do with your rollout strategy: https://musdigi.wordpress.com/2013/12/09/developing-digital-products-whats-your-roll-out-strategy/